Retraction procedure (article withdrawal policy)

The withdrawal of an article from publication is carried out by publishing a notice and informing readers that the article contains deficiencies or erroneous information – that is, where any of the following has been identified: plagiarism; publication in multiple outlets; falsification or fabrication in the work (e.g., manipulation of experimental data); serious errors that cast doubt on its scholarly value; incorrect authorship composition (inclusion of persons who do not meet authorship criteria, or omission of a person who merits authorship); a concealed conflict of interest; or other violations of publication ethics.

Withdrawal of an article is carried out on the basis of an official request from the journal's editorial board or from the author.

Retraction procedure: where the author(s) decide to withdraw an article, they contact the editorial board with a substantiated request; where the decision is that of the editorial board, the Editor-in-Chief notifies the author(s) of the withdrawal, stating the reason and the date of withdrawal in the letter.

The article remains on the website within the relevant issue, marked as "RETRACTED".