Influence of seed treatment with mycorrhizo-forming bioproducts and biochar on productivity and grain quality indicators and biomass of sorghum bicolor on marginal lands
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31359/2413.7642.2026.1.150Keywords:
hemicellulose, ash content, lignin, nanobiochar, mycorrhizal preparation, grain yield, dry biomass yield, celluloseAbstract
Formulation of the problem. In the context of global climate change and the need to decarbonize the energy sector, there is an urgent need to intensify the cultivation of sorghum bicolor as a strategic raw material for biofuels. Despite the significant potential of the crop, the impact of modern biological products on the quality indicators of grain and biomass, which determine the efficiency of biofuel yield, remains insufficiently studied. Purpose. To determine the effect of seed treatment with a mycorrhizal biopreparation and biochar on the productivity and quality indicators of grain and biomass of common sorghum (bicolor) plants on marginal lands. Methods. Biological (conducting a field experiment) and statistical (descriptive statistics and analysis of variance). Field studies were conducted in 2023-2025 on marginal lands of the Yaltushiv Research and Breeding Station of the Institute of Bioenergy Crops and Sugar Beet of the NAAS (Vinnytsia region) according to the scheme of a two-factor experiment: factor A - Mycofriend (0, 4 and 8 g/kg of seeds), factor B - BM-nanobiochar (0, 4 and 8 g/kg of seeds). Results. It was established that pre-sowing treatment of seeds of sorghum bicolor early-ripening hybrid sorghum ‘Svat’ with the preparations Mycofriend and BM-nanobiochar significantly intensifies growth processes and improves the quality characteristics of the raw material. The maximum yield of wet biomass (15.1 t/ha) was recorded with a combination of a high dose of Mycofriend (8 g/kg) and an average dose of biochar (4 g/kg), which is 26.9% higher than the control indicators. The highest values of dry matter yield (8.19 t/ha) and seed yield (6.74 t/ha) were obtained with the joint use of moderate doses of both components at a rate of 4+4 g/kg. Analysis of the biochemical composition indicates an increase in the starch content in the grain to 72.1–72.3% with the use of BM-nanobiochar at a rate of 4 g/kg both independently and in combination with Mycofriend. At the same time, seed treatment with biopreparations at a rate of 4 g/kg leads to an increase in biomass ash content to 8.03% and a decrease in the share of structural carbohydrates, while the maximum accumulation of lignin (10.05%) ensures the separate use of biochar at a rate of 8 g/kg. Energy assessment showed that seed treatment with biopreparations allows to increase the total energy yield to 202.8 GJ/ha, which is 26.7% higher than the control indicator. In the structure of energy yield, the dominant component is the energy of solid biofuel (69-72%), the yield of which reaches 9.01 t/ha when combining preparations at a rate of 4+4 g/kg. Under the same scheme, the maximum yield of bioethanol (2.34 t/ha) and the highest energy efficiency coefficient – 9.43 were recorded, which confirms the high economic and technological feasibility of using the studied biopreparations for the production of renewable fuels. It was determined that further increase in processing rates above 4 g/kg of each biological product causes a gradual decrease in productivity and energy cost recovery. Conclusions. It was established that pre-sowing treatment of sorghum bicolor seeds with a mixture of Mycofriend and BM-nanobiochar at a rate of 4+4 g/kg is optimal and provides the highest yield of dry matter (8.19 t/ha) and grain (6.74 t/ha). This scheme achieves the highest yield of bioethanol (2.34 t/ha) and solid biofuel (9.01 t/ha), which provides a total energy yield of 202.8 GJ/ha and an energy efficiency coefficient of 9.43. The synergistic effect of both biological preparations contributes to the accumulation of starch (up to 72.1%) and dry matter (up to 55.6%), although it also causes an increase in the ash content of biomass. In the structure of energy output in all variants, solid biofuel energy dominates (about 70%), which confirms the high energy value of the crop as a raw material for renewable energy.
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